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The first iron bridge, Danjobashi Bridge which was built in 1878 in Japan. This property of steel is an important criterion in the design of structures. This is the deformation capability before the final breakage tends to happen. The major inbuilt property of steel is the ductility property. This strength is almost 10 times greater than the compressive and the tensile strength obtained from a normal concrete mix. The steel used for normal construction have several hundred Mega Pascal strength. The properties of tensile strength, ductility and hardness are influenced by the change in its constitution. We know that steel is a combination of alloys of iron and other elements, mainly carbon.īased on the amount and variation of the elements, the properties of the same is altered accordingly. This makes its suitable for the construction of bridges with longer span. Steel gain high strength when compared with any other material. The Togetsu-Kyo Bridge, Japan Steel for Bridge Construction Another bridge is the Togetsu-Kyo Bridge over the Katsura River in Kyoto.įig.2: The Mathematical Bridge, Cambridgeįig.3. Figure-2 shows the Mathematical Bridge located in Cambridge. There are a variety of timber bridges around the world. Susceptible to termites, infestations, and woodworm.Some of the disadvantages related to wood as a construction material are that it is: This property makes them be transported easily. They have an appreciable strength value with a lower value of density. The low density of wood makes it gain high specific strength. They are obtained directly from nature and hence are environmentally friendly. Wood as an engineering material has the advantage of high toughness and renewable in nature. Nowadays, steel and concrete grant a higher range of work flexibility, that the use of wood and timber for mega works diminished.īut, there are innovations related to the preservation of wood, which has helped to increase the demand of wood in structures. The wood material was used highly in the construction of bridges, unlike today, where it is used for the construction of building works and related. With time, the stone bridges have proved most efficient and economical due to the durability and low maintenance guaranty it provides throughout its life period. Nihonbashi is the most famous stone bridge in Japan. The Zhuzhou bridge is the world’s known oldest open-spandrel, stone and segmental arch bridge. China had also developed large bridge called the famous Zhuzhou Bridge. The period was also competitive for Chinese. This made them construct very larger span bridges when compared with any other bridge construction during that period. They had a clear idea and understanding of the load over bridge, the geometry as well as the material properties. When considering the history of bridge construction with stones, the Romans were the greatest builders of bridges with stones. The use of stones gave the engineers ease of constructing bridges that are aesthetically top and high in durability. This is because they possess higher compressive strength. They are mainly used in the form of arches. These materials are also used in order to strengthen the existing bridges.įor a long time in the history, the stone has been used in and as a single form. Incorporation of fibers which comes in the category of high strength gaining materials is now incorporated for the construction of bridges. Different other innovative materials are being developed so that they can well suit with the bridge terminologies.

Modern bridges make use of concrete or steel or in combination. This hence was the start of modern bridge engineering technology. The bridge construction with these artificial materials can be called the second period of the bridge engineering. The concrete and steel are manmade refined materials. Many historic bridges made from stones are still present as a symbol of past architectural culture.īut some of the timber bridge have been washed away or are in the stage of degradation due to their exposure to the environmental conditions.Īs time passed, the bridge construction has undergone more development in terms of materials used for construction than based on the bridge technology. Stones as construction materials were very popular because of its durable properties. During the initial period, timber and stones were used in the construction, as they are directly obtained from nature and easily available.īrick was used as a subgroup construction material along with stone construction.

Stones, Timber, Concrete and Steel are the traditional materials that are used to carry out bridge construction.

Composite Materials in Bridge Construction.

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